In many Western countries, the contribution of milk and dairy products in a balanced diet is recognized for the supply of both macro-constituents (proteins, fat and minerals) and micro-constituents (vitamins and trace elements). 2012), and this trend is driven by the increasing number of well-known links between dairy products and human health (Visioli and Strata 2014). Indeed, the dairy industry and retailers include increasing nutritional data in their public communication (Menard et al. Improving the nutritional quality of milk is of concern to current producers, the dairy industry and consumers. These results showed that it was possible to identify husbandry conditions leading to milk favourable throughout the year for one or several compounds but not for all compounds considered in this study. Positive links have been confirmed between grass-based-diets and milk n-3 FA content, maize silage-based-diets and n-6 FA content, and diets rich in concentrate and oleic acid content. We showed the absence of milks with the highest contents in these four minerals simultaneously, but we identified groups of farms where milk had high content in Mg or in Zn. The Ca, Mg, P and Zn contents varied in different ways throughout the year and independently of each other. Milks and their associated husbandry practices were collected five times during 1 year from 74 groups of farms located in France, Norway, Slovakia and Slovenia. Ten compounds with nutritional requirements were selected: a minimum amount is required for Ca, Mg, P, Zn, vitamin A, n-3 fatty acids (FA), oleic acid and n-6 FA, and a maximum amount for trans FA and C12–14-16 FA. The aims of this study were to describe throughout the year the changes in bulk milk compounds and to relate them to husbandry practices. The milk contents of these compounds are highly variable, and the identification of husbandry conditions leading to milks favourable for both mineral and lipid fractions is of interest. In many Western countries, milk and dairy products provide both mineral and lipid fractions relevant to our health.
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